Example 1: Using Quotations
The extract below, from a paper on Muriel Spark’s The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, shows how quotations can be used. Due to the fact paper quotes from the novel extensively, page numbers are found within the main body of the text, in parentheses, after complete bibliographical details have now been provided in a footnote towards the first quotation. Quotations from secondary sources are referenced by footnotes. Short quotations are included, in quotation marks, within the main body for the paper, whilst the longer quotation, without quotation marks, accocunts for an paragraph that is indented. Remember that even though the writing by the composer of the paper is combined with quotations from the novel and secondary sources the sentences continue look these up to be grammatically correct and coherent.
Jean Brodie is convinced regarding the rightness of her very own power, and uses it in a frightening manner: ‘Give me a girl at an impressionable age, and she is mine for life’. 1 This is Miss Brodie’s adoption of this Jesuit formula, but, she moulds the child for her own ends whereas they claim the child for God. ‘you are mine,’ she says, ‘. of my cut and stamp . ‘ (129). When Sandy, her most perceptive pupil, sees the ‘Brodie set’ ‘as a body with Miss Brodie for the head’ (36), there was, as David Lodge points out, a biblical parallel with all the Church whilst the body of Christ. 2 God is Miss Jean Brodie’s rival, and this is demonstrated in a literal way when one of her girls, Eunice, grows religious and it is preparing herself for confirmation. She becomes increasingly independent of Miss Brodie’s influence and decides to go on the side that is modern the Senior school although Jean Brodie makes clear her own preference when it comes to Classical. Eunice does not want to continue her role while the group’s jester, or to go with them to your ballet. Cunningly, her tutor attempts to regain control by playing on the religious convictions:
All of that term she tried to inspire Eunice in order to become at the least a pioneer missionary in a few deadly and dangerous zone associated with earth, for this was intolerable to Miss Brodie that any one of her girls should grow up not largely specialized in some vocation. ‘you will end up as a Girl Guide leader in a suburb like Corstorphine’, she said warningly to Eunice, who was in fact secretly attracted to this basic idea and who lived in Corstorphine. (81)
Miss Brodie has different plans for Rose; she is to be a ‘great lover’ (146), and her tutor audaciously absolves her through the sins this will entail: ‘she is above the moral code, it generally does not apply to her’ (146). This dismissal of possible retribution distorts the girls’ judgement of Miss Brodie’s actions.
The aforementioned passage is taken from Ruth Whittaker, The Faith and Fiction of Muriel Spark (London and Basingstoke: MacMillan, 1982), pp.106-7.
Example 2: installation of a bibliography
The bibliography will often include the relevant sources consulted in producing your essay, even from them directly if you have not referred to or quoted. The order is determined and alphabetical by the authors’ names. Book titles come in italics or are underlined, whilst article titles appear in inverted commas. When referring to books you really need to range from the author’s name, place of publication, the publisher, and also the date once the book was published. To reference the origin of an article from a journal are the name for the journal, the number and/or volume number, the date of publication and also the page numbers. There are numerous styles for installation of a bibliography, however the elements that are same in each, and also you must certanly be consistent. Consult the handbooks can be found into the libraries for further details.
That is a model employed by many British universities and publishers.
Dahlgren, Pete, Television plus the Public Sphere (London: Sage Publishers, 1995)
Dubois, Ellen, ‘Antipodean Feminism’, New Left Review, no.206, July/August 1994, 127-33
Fussel, Paul, the truly amazing War and Modern Memory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975)
Gledhill, Christine, ‘Melodrama’, in The Cinema Book, ed. Pam Cook (London: BFI, 1985), pp.73-84
Lodge, David, ‘The Uses and Abuses of Omniscience: Method and Meaning in Muriel Spark’s The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie‘ in David Lodge, The Novelist at the Crossroads along with other Essays on Fiction and Criticism (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1971), pp.119-44
Pettifer, James, The Greeks (London: Penguin, 1993)
This is the model recommended by the current Languages Association (MLA) and is employed by most American universities and publishers.
Dahlgren, Pete. Television and the Public Sphere. London: Sage Publishers, 1995.
Dubois, Ellen. “Antipodean Feminism.” New Left Review 206 (July/August 1994): 127-33
Fussel, Paul. The truly amazing War and Modern Memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975.
Gledhill, Christine. “Melodrama” in The Cinema Book. Ed. Pam Cook. London: BFI, 1985. 73-84
Lodge, David. “The Uses and Abuses of Omniscience: Method and Meaning in Muriel Spark’s The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie” in David Lodge The Novelist in the Crossroads along with other Essays on Fiction and Criticism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1971. 119-44
Pettifer, James. The Greeks. London: Penguin, 1993.
The information that is essential by each model is given in identical order, however they differ in how that the main points are presented. Whichever model you decide on or are instructed to utilize ensure that you stay consistent to it.
Consult reference works well with further advice. These books are from the open shelves:
· John Clanchy and Brigid Ballard, How to Write Essays (Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, 1992)
· Joseph Gibaldi, MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (New York: MLA, 1995)
1 Muriel Spark, The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (London: Macmillan, 1961), p.7. All further references are for this edition and given within the text.
2 David Lodge, ‘The Uses and Abuses of Omniscience: Method and Meaning in Muriel Spark’s The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie‘, in David Lodge, The Novelist at the Crossroads as well as other Essays on Fiction and Criticism (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1971), pp.119-44.